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Latin (Botanical) name: Foeniculum vulgare (L.) Mill. Ssp. Piperitum (Ucria) Coutinho.

Family: Umbelliferae, Apiaceae.

Common name: Fennel, Sweet fennel, Common fennel, Spingel, Fenouil commun, Fenouil des vignes, Shamar.

Method of extraction: Steam distilled from dried fruits (seeds).

Origin: Egypt.

Uses: Herbal (Traditional) medicine (dosage), Flavor, Fragrance and Aromatherapy (bath, massage, skin, hair, steam inhalation, vaporization, etc.).

Specific gravity: 0.948 - 0.973 at 25°C.

Refractive index: 1.513 – 1.538 at 20°C.

Perfumery note: Top, Middle.

Plant description:

UMBELLIFERAE A. Juss.: Not spiny. Umbel-rays not woolly. Leafy herbs, root not globose. Bracteoles absent. Flowers yellow. Plant glabrous. Leaf-segments capillary. Fruit cylindrical. FOENICULUM Mill. Bracts and bracteoles absent. Flowers yellow. Fruit oblong cylindrical. FOENICULUM VULGARE (L.) Mill. Ssp. Piperitum (Ucria) Coutinho: Tall erect perennial. Leaves finely dissected into short filiform stiff-pointed lobes. Umbel 5-7-rayed. Perennial.

Source: STUDENTS’ FLORA OF EGYPT second edition, by VIVI TÄCKHOLM, D. Sc. (Stockholm) Professor of Systematic Botany, Faculty of Science, Cairo University. Published by Cairo University. Printed by COOPERATIVE PRINTING COMPANY Beirut, 1974.

Propagation: Fruits (seeds), perennial plant cultivated, commercially annual in Upper Egypt.

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